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Tumen or Tümen ("unit of ten thousand"; from Turkic: tümen1; Mongolian: Түмэн, Tümen2) was a part of the decimal system used by Turkic, Proto-Turkic (such as the Huns) and Mongol peoples to organize their armies. Tumen is an army unit of 10,000 soldiers.
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Genghis Khan's organization
In Genghis Khan's military system, a Tumen was recursively built from units of 10 (Arban), 100 (Yaghun), and 1,000 (Minghan), each with a leader reporting to the next higher level. Tumens were considered a practical size, neither too small for an effective campaign nor too big for efficient transport and supply. The military strategy was based on the use of tumens as a useful building block causing reasonable shock and attack.3
In modern armies
Tümen is a military unit which is still used in the Turkish Army, consisting of 6,000 to 10,000 soldiers.4
See also
- Mongol Empire
- Mongol military tactics and organization
- Tyumen - the name originates from tumen
References
- ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - toman
- ^ Vietze, Wörterbuch Mongolisch - Deutsch, VEB 1988
- ^ Corvisier, André. "A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War". Blackwell Publishing, 1994. page 529
- ^ Sabah Newspaper Online - Turkish Armed Forces