Domestic sheep are quadrupedal, ruminant mammals kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are even-toed ungulates, also commonly called cloven-hoofed animals. Domestic sheep are the most numerous species in their genus, numbering a little over 1 billion, and are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are primarily valued for their fleece and meat. A sheep's wool is the most widely used of any animal, and is typically harvested by shearing. Ovine meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones. They continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or as model organisms for science. Sheep husbandry is practised throughout the inhabited world, and has played a pivotal role in many civilizations. In the modern era, Australia, New Zealand, the Patagonian nations, and the United Kingdom are most closely associated with sheep production. Sheep-raising has a large lexicon of unique terms which vary considerably by region and dialect. Sheep figure in many mythologies—such as the Golden Fleece—and major religions, especially the Abrahamic traditions. (more...)

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• The 2008 Summer Paralympics open in Beijing, China.
• The Nuclear Suppliers Group grants India a waiver to carry out civilian nuclear commerce with the rest of the world.
• The Parliament of Pakistan elects Asif Ali Zardari of the Pakistan People's Party as the next President of Pakistan.
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September 7: Father's Day in Australia and New Zealand (2008); National Grandparents' Day in the United States (2008); Independence Day in Brazil

• 1191 – Third Crusade: Forces under Richard I of England defeated Ayyubid troops under Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf in present-day Israel.
• 1901 – With Peking occupied by foreign troops from the Eight-Nation Alliance, Qing China was forced to sign the Boxer Protocol, an unequal treaty ending the Boxer Rebellion.
• 1940 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe changed their strategy in the Battle of Britain and began bombing London and other British cities and towns for over 50 consecutive nights.
• 1986 – Desmond Tutu (pictured) became the first black person to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
• 1998 – Stanford University students Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google in Menlo Park, California, USA.

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